Transaction Details
| TX Hash | ff4bccef0db2997293ee9b9bf06fa571dfbe61aedd531f2b2b588dd6ed516201 |
| Block | 106,875 |
| Timestamp | Thu, 30 Apr 2026 02:51:45 GMT (4d ago) |
| Confirmations | 6,729 |
| Fee | 0.0246826 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | TRANSFER |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 2 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 1495f1f58f931da38f67bdc28953af0cbda0f80c13a8b190321be7d52d984dad |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 0ca809fc46a969705d1c91c80f605d41eed444be4bff0d28dfcebd1099271701 |
| View Tag | 61 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | e33848276d0f4d8129fc00fdf92c15416b7389523e206234d55ea4a8ea21498a |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | b351a1298207e20f037b601e86b2ea90dc61b0154ba6eb9b977652e6d586a49d |
| View Tag | 1f |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 2 |
| Proof Size | 6,080 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | f92428a3ae930b7eb805827c4d4fa40dd33178416521467fd2a0844d17608458 |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | 481dd1ade6ce2eb9a47b0f5aaa923c0f19def20685b1a3bc52d31ef370a76c3f |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | b323da4b9c807ca39e8f524a2e8b34c1142276eb479241b1ec62e51465f3c001 |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | c202eeafcb2e2752c13fe1534c3508f420c28c3dc7916aa1b70a9bcf3216b221 |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Input 1 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | 0e988cf2c8876d4772fb0d4f40975a20bfe8d979af652f301b7cfab488f896ae |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | 5f751bb219c80ef58c336eee816aface80f7444b13e0cba93186cc28ee8d4924 |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | aba91fafde22b33695eac548c3794889e5b727b9984e4f1d2c8f6d1a49c4702c |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)