Transaction Details
| TX Hash | f41ebbffc5bfdd951c015fea48f9d9c2f46ccc548df93254058f67a2d3c67d4d |
| Block | 116,320 |
| Timestamp | Thu, 07 May 2026 00:04:29 GMT (3d ago) |
| Confirmations | 2,525 |
| Fee | 0.01908476 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | TRANSFER |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 1 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 6bfb799d4dab3e8d77cdba62ff6aaab23e5c68c8d2d4d1423acda1a6ac612c89 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 435b7298bab7dd4aa81b5e0f2086fe4f325ecb5ab4cc01a90aeb2f3212960481 |
| View Tag | b1 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 1e67e4eea0900b2780e02f07892ab261d2fe0a6bdef08d31c846c9b3e4a17c1d |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 6d99929681fe9f15ef20ca7fab26f26ac9ce5066bf03f84658d9aeefa88cb95c |
| View Tag | 01 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 1 |
| Proof Size | 4,544 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | 74dcef9f989f93c1aef7a0163f0233936c4b6e9d4d2a3da815de4532568dcecb |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | 65c67fa1f295fac047d7d817fecd3d4bee12fe837f6d5838cf385952f1c527ab |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | cf8834759d1a1d97ae7325216d4995036fc9b3187a89b3ec18c4ee89f632ddbe |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | 9b32433955aa852e073c8cc20ab76d2927651e67c6fae9ce589f9541ec73b6dc |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)