Transaction Details
| TX Hash | f187a0347b0065eec38a90f28f703f05011074272a695dd24939e8cb4a9d32b1 |
| Block | 108,648 |
| Timestamp | Fri, 01 May 2026 08:34:08 GMT (3d ago) |
| Confirmations | 5,210 |
| Fee | 0.01908476 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | TRANSFER |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 1 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 3956691aaf48ad3ae5d68c39c99912fec95b49f578513b27e86f9ea3e88c3fc2 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | e76c82171534cff7144bb35e39f1f0d53f72eb17e186ea3d267c9d9e4fa4a8b6 |
| View Tag | ba |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 1a70a5e6e6346dd67fd40623da9cb2645396e965301dd3ef455b963ff3678f1f |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 53f0433bf0616b69b15d271e6d3996913319402535d0d453e8524f276cf99388 |
| View Tag | 15 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 1 |
| Proof Size | 4,544 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | 15cf68e9511eca5493052829e59f53a53c4a811d240c81534d48a80aac2f5829 |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | caf120cebb4b60156714a054804d8660b26d9c5cb50c78eef066d27d60a870f1 |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | 6842d013a8471c82a03012f28bb4a2f22a3f1811f92b513c62779fb7240440fc |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | 88135927fbe4470a6699b623e2d86d85a93cc034ab811e1e539bef3ed4e0f77b |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)