Transaction Details
| TX Hash | ef71e5654fbb89399db7261f050f08f2e7a609c7b4bbce2563b1507a43a7cb8d |
| Block | 106,877 |
| Timestamp | Thu, 30 Apr 2026 02:58:41 GMT (4d ago) |
| Confirmations | 6,972 |
| Fee | 0.01908476 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | TRANSFER |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 1 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | e1e8bbff43ae65af6f382ce433bfde924a10392e18ca7568c7e777bf25c62092 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 7eff0e9b8bfb2c1078659b71d9dccb5c48cee4185cf61f2a61f87b558a79fe76 |
| View Tag | 74 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 37c416e6e252716bdf0c241882528771c17fa53ef5ae82cae2e0e4242536a830 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 98f119d4aa54ea515c45beb501969c93e749fa5e9f80ef7529716769013363d5 |
| View Tag | b5 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 1 |
| Proof Size | 4,544 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | 22d47183b720f5d92e61159ccc543d1d97cd428747b7bf647440a1b0a93b6d36 |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | c39989f1ea5fa319a1536c89bfefea66b245a91654d7622a6e2799ca5dcc7d2b |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | 92b6c139f4e97dd84b8aa1655a5e38557b0dc0ad8da1c38232d0e07a094f0823 |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | cd22463f86169d54b253c5b1b5d0683fb253d76ea22d8a425ecfcbb52c45975f |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)