Transaction Details
| TX Hash | ec5ebaa402ceaafbb54c3871444d4a1ad91d7fdc81ec96b96bd3f4a807a93fea |
| Block | 115,644 |
| Timestamp | Wed, 06 May 2026 05:50:08 GMT (2d ago) |
| Confirmations | 1,935 |
| Fee | 0.01908476 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | TRANSFER |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 1 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 7fcf3585f953c0cc628563ecf22b520cf7486016d5f52ddb5b8357d4cdd7e8cd |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 51e392830fc16dafe1f1ff9a390e675658645415e3a716dee59f06dca2eebdde |
| View Tag | e1 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 7a43aff4937b2b981dd48ee3f0c8ab0366ccfc00390c7aa28bc0ac544a88c35f |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | e446a37bf8a182958211f811e16b046dd7c9bc5500b329089879e7302e47a1d1 |
| View Tag | 88 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 1 |
| Proof Size | 4,544 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | 624937db689686bfc8c24b86cc6fd933259abd4da1ed021a955e4660789af81e |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | 24b326210f8b1fab0a6170af78b3bf84fc187993e6f5480bd20dd0f25eb1eb58 |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | f0a3ae0f54da80b3481747cf199f012be06c654db21610ec13a1e5fa263024c5 |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | d78e77dddb53da356da9add94ab41bd03a297a0c03fdb231873c92710a44cb35 |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)