Transaction Details
| TX Hash | e4cf0725c05f46dd71b63e7229dc86bd74c8c9b509f1efac1e44c133a1b4b1d8 |
| Block | 113,663 |
| Timestamp | Mon, 04 May 2026 20:26:30 GMT (4h ago) |
| Confirmations | 243 |
| Fee | 0.0246826 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | Bridge Unwrap |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 2 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | b562f08551535871c3262b6c9ec0c7374ade4812485b6bc0c968b106f8324b4e |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 121159c8b3c964ddcc715f621138528e16055c9e26822d04e0b0161796c4c0ed |
| View Tag | 6b |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | d0ef6eecce738df506a3a464b8f36047ec13558b5d1b286c11b3292d6fce986e |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | af33bc7e074866358b7c10ce8673712f5400469063dd2898fc9d2d4e90ada14a |
| View Tag | 4f |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 2 |
| Proof Size | 6,080 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | 2b11be1b96d4e5314cf1d61e70089179db4ebdca90b6676cc50affac75a64526 |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | bd0ad48fabb3d94eac93148d0bd72c9f70f7415763d6b3d53512a502d8cdab71 |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | 369c4fcea00229fa36961318a60ba138c6661a30753111a746f4a4189c76391a |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | aaabba69b89e8bd5f805a6b959948c727edba9d4ae447d5318d20596f6711b5a |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Input 1 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | b69b67754a222762566023747f7fbaeb67348be74e53c36a5a41114e616c266b |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | f6af818ed5bf610556d75badc1e985da5f5983c1ad0789e389d71ee5c87f8136 |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | 9160ba2d3d80870835b60ad6fed2bd9804606fe3b4b63940bc395a9f10ef9049 |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)