Transaction Details
| TX Hash | e199fd6353ad367de9b3d8c3951015fe02fb8d26e62743148ed9acb3d298f3e4 |
| Block | 106,879 |
| Timestamp | Thu, 30 Apr 2026 03:00:42 GMT (4d ago) |
| Confirmations | 7,062 |
| Fee | 0.01908476 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | TRANSFER |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 1 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 66a220629a9c8ae0d585d520350c539b19ffcc088129976a639e992a6af8575c |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 6197a846f52080dd675a08a0b178fc038bb7487cecd7ea11aaabf9239c78e487 |
| View Tag | 9e |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 8cc5e1bf2a111a676b9f1240038ca1f9f6403e3d9a3414f2cf3b61a4a99749ae |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | f79a01c2b003b1cb02ee3e30d199e5ffa5b25b52d864e7e1c572b5994e35d3e9 |
| View Tag | cd |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 1 |
| Proof Size | 4,544 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | baaaa50cbe9aa4090aa4781864c0fde82c075b02b3985e58f566fe6a06eda900 |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | 6daad70f5373a8c5ace4e587f9e76a146394df18ec2c8276daa498a7cd7def95 |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | 3ef6df8425cd28fbd0b7f5f1bb631fbf20b37aeada0c0f45de825e944dc2dbb9 |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | 5560abe6d1e2c40bdcccd5d376607b74f8fd4f1a001b597559cd1f21f6329167 |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)