Transaction Details
| TX Hash | c77bd9918468fad3fbd057da42cc1b2c6e546f28b866c454ef6e34515940bfd9 |
| Block | 115,642 |
| Timestamp | Wed, 06 May 2026 05:36:22 GMT (2d ago) |
| Confirmations | 1,875 |
| Fee | 0.01908476 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | TRANSFER |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 1 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 8a30ce59bc3a512ef4ac10a93d1f7131b7fe0ebd2777526d689781d3bd829f63 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | ffbd43aab64532e9790445f384b892bd183cee2ac4c8d003b6f95a57afbfd7fb |
| View Tag | 52 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | f6570644e84e2770ce53b9043eb5b5bd16ebd33b6f8583ea4db087145ef0ff38 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | d7f89b2c99a53bd4fc6e328a820adda3789bfce8d5d1ffbcd26bdc375928db32 |
| View Tag | 46 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 1 |
| Proof Size | 4,544 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | e008e970b2c032a6373437ee1c0f19edfbce05802c89558fc5425b006bb0c2c4 |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | 4a55f5d762b5fb97597428676abb53ae726e8949cd7986b7959573ea4caf96f3 |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | ae94c8acfcd567e564a31bf86d72b35ef9bffd3f28b17bea04c6ae6d461e338e |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | 92f9db0ee81bea68fb9b6cc1fdcd0d89ead66aa186c92c8cfaa8e1dbf2708f74 |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)