Transaction Details
| TX Hash | c71c5f1730370b6eae0a366ee72d38e6981207c7ec2302bbfb443bf1a1c2c11b |
| Block | 106,875 |
| Timestamp | Thu, 30 Apr 2026 02:51:45 GMT (4d ago) |
| Confirmations | 6,727 |
| Fee | 0.0246826 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | TRANSFER |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 2 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | a8e85f5b02f3683fe834693f843fcba931ac03cf23f13bcb5b9a872e04428ff0 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | bc3a52e3233c86335d4c0b0cde1bbcb543086ee1cd17b14b9dece6a16cb45211 |
| View Tag | 2b |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 0a9c2920dd47b9afd4705e1339127a8bb63d249aec78f251027b6a3344602596 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | e7917a56309c7e170a167c7b064f888ecf7601f4119c6db6885aa1f3712d8263 |
| View Tag | 48 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 2 |
| Proof Size | 6,080 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | 5ccede2f43394a3765308d483f37e05cd92ca8651cfb44a14b678e05065c3b87 |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | 1d79756ab996a44678c828d731b97d102dbe7c87f321630b371ace8c89785b66 |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | 088c91c64c4c898668667cba071a5e2a781fcf9f57aaa9a2c092caf7213de858 |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | 04f3a860eb8285eb1fc118b93ce2b101e7d9427e5bc16b54aa56bdbb7bf225c3 |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Input 1 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | 12218176a019ad992cec0cc37a010534395e0e1a9a27365b420d9f69a248819b |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | 79ef15b2e16ea013c3ed8d95a5d49ccfe5c4136a42f2e025e84993fbb1141a71 |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | e0b07cf24cb2aebb0905d24b36889f3bcccee83b75574e7a77bcb69edaefbb1f |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)