Transaction Details
| TX Hash | c444c13a428f7318b581a0100f1cd5e147f47c9c02622c8fed59a4625ecb372b |
| Block | 115,654 |
| Timestamp | Wed, 06 May 2026 06:04:36 GMT (2d ago) |
| Confirmations | 1,919 |
| Fee | 0.01908476 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | TRANSFER |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 1 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 45d68c96727fd8d163bbf67617a2d4e305882f6d316be22680778416ba1ecccf |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 93cfd6c8ccde1ebb9c68123600fe31f0091e680b0ca428fe18b4ae616d8466a5 |
| View Tag | ab |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 1c0b40a6964245cfd0f26b973c6d160055a83be36acf8568019292f74dc9d414 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | a69ce6a1a8da12e086dad59d74e2ec6b251f0f3031ba0b3b41fe9748ed8ea2a1 |
| View Tag | 36 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 1 |
| Proof Size | 4,544 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | c8cea2f05840ad5cbef7ea0e0385dcf99de5a49c77eace80a464bfe6daf6f45b |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | 3d241827259210b17e290dbf31e5c6c73905702859092d1f6586e23865cce79f |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | 3201dccf9e449a0a56c559d45735bd417835fe5bc191baff3e19dbdfef036ed6 |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | 545256d20ecff0fd2cf20b701673d8b87fe1418dbe3e78c0c0d4512396b83bda |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)