Transaction Details
| TX Hash | c19c81bb9cd8e1a13a4d5ac765899fe856d3f78cacde3a8f783578f386652840 |
| Block | 115,646 |
| Timestamp | Wed, 06 May 2026 05:51:42 GMT (2d ago) |
| Confirmations | 2,034 |
| Fee | 0.01908476 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | TRANSFER |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 1 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 336eb763583171ae569c15e5ec43fdf903e4789407cd5b2fea8c8c7d23a48592 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 289eadfaed01879c11e908deb7342b00678c5c9cb8342c67bf1000a08ef1178a |
| View Tag | 12 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 156a3567479136838e9690d1e9fa6e1c21e6139bccb229c434115b0649a1d6e7 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 0cb456314a1bbcabfe2e45d53820a3bdf1de855a942a91e538856c5c8b65d25b |
| View Tag | c5 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 1 |
| Proof Size | 4,544 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | ff8b75d4e6fcad2629de32202cbf6dcaf1a784035e5ff3fb0b337e6c670694dd |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | 0a37666cc0771f71d9f6686ff60aa3a567c5505d22664f12cb9e1403a07ec213 |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | 2caeb0a7b52fab6523b7cca3158052d76be9051084da7786cff12f694a5e73f0 |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | 5a20c854ef0265c274562f107f71c3cf9041dd603eb2d19a1f9cb5cac8d50a94 |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)