Transaction Details
| TX Hash | b5bebb63849c73b315fd6d81a60898a0042432808641cbb70df819b18def82b5 |
| Block | 116,317 |
| Timestamp | Wed, 06 May 2026 23:54:40 GMT (3d ago) |
| Confirmations | 2,531 |
| Fee | 0.01908476 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | TRANSFER |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 1 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 3469500ac77bf9b3a34813af1c1f1871ed1c029ba19a70b195c6980bcd3503f8 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 252bfdf5a3289e305c6defaa311c3e70767b392c03941e87fe82406fd0b87a34 |
| View Tag | 86 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 1d056a0dd0dc908992726620c881c9a11a4e0f28c0c242eb92d4c93ea189b7b8 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 9ef346f6842c501661c891bf15fe6af6c472388aeb01322e69cf3a141680fa33 |
| View Tag | 26 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 1 |
| Proof Size | 4,544 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | cf7e5f4368a62a4473893275c3381369799cc2857ab133e320b05ad243585aec |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | e963eed390244a7c12e70a49ca8a5cf34a396a73f8c6080be6c2c56da4173818 |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | 1fbefbe6b501b25bacc4492efb95d2e94abc0898e992cfd7b6764538d626fc52 |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | 26750054fea4fe1dd58283e22e299b412043b2641a0f1035ff0b578e35807632 |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)