Transaction Details
| TX Hash | b148481d38586a9cc576f97f80b33a10a46408e1c0d205b9aa9def1474d0431e |
| Block | 115,643 |
| Timestamp | Wed, 06 May 2026 05:48:32 GMT (2d ago) |
| Confirmations | 1,893 |
| Fee | 0.0246826 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | TRANSFER |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 2 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 878abf4d31cd819993e3f36169aae112485c8c7e8eb36df145cf5d5245d927c7 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 90bd4460e7d7c1c3870eaaba812a7e59210def573aa96e2141015868c2eeb05f |
| View Tag | e6 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | b9b1ed4a82cbbc6faf7eba42a37fc5f7a339dd866b5461ea1d5e1dbf9013b59d |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 4aa3b3b1858a3d720f3e1d0218b9ccedb4d75bccfaf125eb071b635d4cb9cd32 |
| View Tag | e4 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 2 |
| Proof Size | 6,080 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | 394cfffb6215609c8cfe9fddcf082db0a74d8c3da8380ab33178e000ecb47bd1 |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | fd71efdbebd3f28c52682d54b7fbac70b7363a273aff30a71999ceacb4bdb1df |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | 19ff41f32a593798a6485b87a7f500e758ce827ced96db92723e7c5077cbd09f |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | a6f50fc5802a6ec87b838ad1129cef6fd5c8f1006126c4c71d8ca0e7e2eecedc |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Input 1 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | 892cbd50e4d65979cf7c2fd020e570ab3717ef1091051d6a8242293867ea3b13 |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | 045c33bb451de664dddc32aebb0f4ee4804b61bac703a7706cec5e913f7c3e2e |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | cfb3f50137eeaf927fb7e2dd25e4e19a79492fa3b01ad50d34f5cbf656ce5203 |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)