Transaction Details
| TX Hash | a654cdd0841f083b2a1ff9f985c0f481494b4b2f13f17290b77b346279d3550f |
| Block | 106,880 |
| Timestamp | Thu, 30 Apr 2026 03:04:37 GMT (4d ago) |
| Confirmations | 7,131 |
| Fee | 0.01908476 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | TRANSFER |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 1 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 39c6249cf3aae676985a77d0f6b14adce4622ef350d68178c06a0db3909b734c |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | d21f67f604b014841726bc04be3f9003f3f4f050d6ccb2f55fd1387b7b45d71e |
| View Tag | b7 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 5a4ddf5f083f0caad789aa2ec34c0957ca424c30835954f1a90ad23e9af51ed4 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 3c355a3b6db7a16c2efb0f3a15c43ee39d28b019324c37f0e59f6a11a768f7af |
| View Tag | db |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 1 |
| Proof Size | 4,544 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | 67698b807c51f371cf1a3ab34d2bf8028d46ccc8a5de58cf95981827d48a5227 |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | 065b93b13f728743f202f6d5306510c276ea6e7b6f997ea38ca76c61250fa344 |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | 7f606b367c978b25c43afcd16a658631cf9ae1773d87b42080c2476b5de3ef80 |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | 45e45486c5e8304411bf3bad695bddc78db20704ceefe1ceaa67aac09b8216d3 |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)