Transaction Details
| TX Hash | a5717ec3e4e96e00db4489c84f11da6d3434cfe4c351b1b59fcda8f4d7ba5807 |
| Block | 116,209 |
| Timestamp | Wed, 06 May 2026 18:30:35 GMT (3d ago) |
| Confirmations | 2,585 |
| Fee | 0.0246826 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | TRANSFER |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 2 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | b07676362376fb50ff743ecc4cf131eb96fa2cc8d2b3526b886434848f36d47d |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | ae0aaa099a01a9fef8bd2c86eeda6d11c77df888ac92320444678668c38b7084 |
| View Tag | 74 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | b384ff703bc20fcc18fe4e6ca6328881612b30308581c732110e51db31959225 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | b7e308665aff351f8ab84971ce123caee1ab03a9e9eb564d77f7ab9635083fd9 |
| View Tag | 97 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 2 |
| Proof Size | 6,080 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | 8cf34258128054e6dea716237ce441012515fe504181475853925a29087eaaac |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | cbfbcbad73ce0d74eba674fe3417891969c0650e14299e7a50493eec791209c9 |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | 24de5b9988c0d3b2212536d716c44ac65a1e731ccb117aecaf0cf668054e4995 |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | 7a26415e0e1e6cac115170e9a4492b10ad9ec125730a135918a518bbf72f3af4 |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Input 1 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | 6fe118202a3cfe4c8b254bceb70d816ce95b583076301fca44bd1229e1fd7ada |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | 03fc422baaeb88d500f251fbba448576e1fd2827315de17c592925f7bfd7991c |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | 55cb875c8316ca0b5b1821ea0e751cb574ca642272dbe4711ae2a296357e786a |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)