Transaction Details
| TX Hash | a02210f93dc4dab15ff361e27b3e92bb983b61e0d80efeac12c11c142db14ece |
| Block | 116,208 |
| Timestamp | Wed, 06 May 2026 18:28:06 GMT (3d ago) |
| Confirmations | 2,637 |
| Fee | 0.0246826 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | TRANSFER |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 2 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 2bda2216d9f6c1a06915f0721d1be7a89debdd9a7e90ec68b3519091cc8ac285 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | cbbb88098b1f4068fd63303e075aa07b37c3edc7abce7f19aec378cfac874843 |
| View Tag | 9e |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 801701936702a9abe17da7a6965a2d20f34a9857a68b9772d43548770b969c2c |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | d3af7e9effbfae8deaa8b56d4e8b6d14273fcec0fd4fd7171b039d67f9d265d3 |
| View Tag | 59 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 2 |
| Proof Size | 6,080 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | 47e6370880ad5e9652acb41107e727522e14c3ebcd05b04fa52e38d1525ce763 |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | e07574596e27a8d389f974042af42b603c5bd8e60025eb69b51cd099977305df |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | 0e801858d9384aeb1fb107b3925303bf0198c09ddd5d3d7ff082f92842876625 |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | a5b8c9713dc3f1778cc49027b80f80016e12d2c82ef9271bf5c368f31f2c1057 |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Input 1 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | b674a1eb503589bfa4f8e9a59a332b6de6b7f36f35e847d37cba98f56c7d8d81 |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | 45ca024fc6f3d224ce07469c739d502a05611f8c0613e02db24aefb9efb1fb4a |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | 3ffb5a375eebe675973b6b0a17e072061032f6c09d90535366b711f6bfa15cc7 |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)