Transaction Details
| TX Hash | a0196ae82bb581bf00b3afcb0ed208e961e12c64c7a16ff70fffd9569ad206e6 |
| Block | 115,628 |
| Timestamp | Wed, 06 May 2026 05:16:47 GMT (2d ago) |
| Confirmations | 1,863 |
| Fee | 0.01908476 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | TRANSFER |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 1 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 2ed276f184c454d3f835251cf1dad241e710f8d968e3d3979d31ff2bd4c5d187 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | ddac0eff90f05906043a6348439cb627f60945332882922efa1130cfab6afb37 |
| View Tag | 24 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | eb4969e98b7037cc24e2f7b6db8ed5202bff2ad7dd30e9f913583e1b0485ff37 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | b11f632bd319dc69ead146777e8a0d9a2d7c961ed7dfbbce81ad71dda8bce9aa |
| View Tag | 58 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 1 |
| Proof Size | 4,544 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | 15c3b12586fbdddec88900de63fa64dae126dbb4c3154cab296101fa2ef9b807 |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | 84bb91b48601a85821e6d19bdfcd0ac89310447a99fa8ff23489dcc788bf5582 |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | 963091212c2d8486c02ee80938c71781eb71ae7afc42d1bfd799292b1b91df62 |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | cf6f4f8541e6a58c7c40b09287bd39099e8378c31ec25dc0e29342221220ff2a |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)