Transaction Details
| TX Hash | 9f03c5c2b54b7810350fb1992102406cb2b9b940e2c13a9b309c5c5ef35ab244 |
| Block | 108,646 |
| Timestamp | Fri, 01 May 2026 08:31:45 GMT (3d ago) |
| Confirmations | 4,969 |
| Fee | 0.0246826 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | TRANSFER |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 2 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 97355ba855465a4a92e1c0211255a3805918d30e002a1ccd41d1a98ec02216a0 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 32ebf35ccfd54ce80322910436597472780b6bf48e7965a5fd3f9f5e0d2d2ff0 |
| View Tag | b4 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 1280bd76ec134d516bd8581f4ba8fa00d668273d8e4b1359ed557fdccc94a0f2 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 5ade7950125e7f3fcb4c60936bccb74f1a5f51f4f04983ff2af6a7e6dcbeb634 |
| View Tag | 46 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 2 |
| Proof Size | 6,080 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | 9a9caf269d78791a37df45aae9d783231c6bb7a6acdb0dbd26067845bafa0280 |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | 7e7b5e602b3f618fdb674f4c885a9e5a13448d1b2bbca2cec12e5a3c4e173431 |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | b1483307eb787b67a94a234faf11b564a5964567573b2044a120b1f8d15401ef |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | e8ae6ffae1af971995292ecc44879bb06ac1ba17264bf3979dd947c8a2eb820e |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Input 1 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | 00101e25fa03a98e88e8e1859c3e30b9a1d7f26647028174bc9f84f401dc2c40 |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | 5cb08447441fa45e43a70ceccc4d8f51d19f911fda6d5be52afe3092cdab22c4 |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | 2e05618d63ac5624eb1a018d3c374beddbf5f54a5f35a5b065afa9a749cd8622 |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)