Transaction Details
| TX Hash | 9681d51f781455cf0715519c28ba4e8f2f0f65f7d730f2ece1751347d512c66b |
| Block | 115,643 |
| Timestamp | Wed, 06 May 2026 05:48:32 GMT (2d ago) |
| Confirmations | 1,893 |
| Fee | 0.0246826 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | TRANSFER |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 2 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 480ea9a0b59785de57e80eec45938c5084544c77b6d8b835bc6b24fd8cd1edbc |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | a45c914a8838e63854c274548f23b8b98a418393bd41c5cec49e8028642f9431 |
| View Tag | a7 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 5a700eda01af8c654ebfdbfda2bf80cf5a7fc00a82e5739e95953ebe9f2d0225 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | b45d80d6ee5767a0d4bb6c030bb7434af6fbbfecce9872ba36597ff595b224d5 |
| View Tag | fa |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 2 |
| Proof Size | 6,080 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | 394cfffb6215609c8cfe9fddcf082db0a74d8c3da8380ab33178e000ecb47bd1 |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | e485653a91b1fe4639bd887cc462ee3014297c2c60bf64e023f3a67b7570aa8f |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | d1ac31d23467282950aaf96030cba87352f49d00dca0fb9f0d68f2b77cec8e71 |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | 8760976efcdebf3cc8064a9cfd37ff362c73dd6e81d704cceb29890c9f9babc3 |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Input 1 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | a9cbe20a3de72739788b97559613e7c8e0a7f71c6b27395e6ee02c5847547262 |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | 753eaf56e90034bccfa454ae62a3fb6708843e8e466b762a7595ec7c86fcad43 |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | dbcae393d30e0871b1b58b84a7d82902238d626e4030ab8e273b0f05bd428041 |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)