Transaction Details
| TX Hash | 94c4a9990586a9c01ba9bf6fa5d05dfb2810d7da1b50bb53a35d678693b79d9c |
| Block | 116,316 |
| Timestamp | Wed, 06 May 2026 23:44:47 GMT (3d ago) |
| Confirmations | 2,571 |
| Fee | 0.01908476 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | TRANSFER |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 1 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 9b8e2108e052a1a651fb97e72cdbb629912666702287dbead50afa9bf34a38db |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 12fcce7a8d5d8b076b0694359ba6d8489c1240fa5abbde5ee249cfdaab1e3aa5 |
| View Tag | ae |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 56af937a47d6e8583922e27f6d1b6b69d14a4a3745590fad45ba0bb315822618 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 458f44a2f5b056eede698fd29f14f78551cb12fd8e18ca69ebe45abab9a13c36 |
| View Tag | 13 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 1 |
| Proof Size | 4,544 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | 84aa2f7b02015e02875e2954fb7cb72a79abebd109bb2154dd3ee4ddd8be2fd9 |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | 1e188d1567548a64ef910d11a381b601d184d40618d998896fce9214d7c1ae4d |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | 885bdc2adadc8aaaa03d6eea2a06338d9052fd92e8d2dd0ca77b9e47b80d62b5 |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | 8fea186a679dc5e9d9dd6b6cd84343158caca14a35d5d524b2df236229422ca1 |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)