Transaction Details
| TX Hash | 85bdb4b7b6dcbe442189529eff2fb4f268a9472db9fbcb32d6f07f0ed7b08213 |
| Block | 116,293 |
| Timestamp | Wed, 06 May 2026 22:31:26 GMT (3d ago) |
| Confirmations | 2,490 |
| Fee | 0.01908476 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | TRANSFER |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 1 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 8e8eaeeb0a4a3f5ecf253ad8397df201b0a74f37b94bac299772bd589566aada |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | dadc46f2fe231cbd19c577c1260d792fdf7ae19d18c977b59c8f4a8d5763ea73 |
| View Tag | ea |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 612bbac8a0aae4bde5a913240493434a4d1629ed244868b9aa483234d1f963da |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | f2b1311b3c39fd53342b226b8d49f1abd069bcff4fc159fe7c40f9aa167b41c7 |
| View Tag | db |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 1 |
| Proof Size | 4,544 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | 0978a586f80106dd13cb9e8c06c6c500203ed426825be476952a04e6b7478adf |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | 949f3c6eace8f0b18a3be8d6f128477e3d3d3ad6232d03e14eaa1727283134e0 |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | 90a03e63e8af0971f4818142de9c22237c938afa7a355e33d467d37655aed93e |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | b8e352f69cd460dc764b8007b18bc06f7f0e3249bcae04b2fae6f9a52d5596c3 |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)