Transaction Details
| TX Hash | 8594b445c20e517a30877669198ce1cff9fa6e52c4bd55964462856cab488546 |
| Block | 116,229 |
| Timestamp | Wed, 06 May 2026 19:19:39 GMT (3d ago) |
| Confirmations | 2,383 |
| Fee | 0.0246826 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | TRANSFER |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 2 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 29f6197ccf73d327505ce6e8a35f274d9b4f9fc2246300ff8aa2ba31e7b65038 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | cb1774cd8c531839486c7146b78b3541884ec6780a9d108e48ca51664f42610d |
| View Tag | e8 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 007f5e788163668b35c8fd0dd8b8b7252f718407dd8a8264ca04077b6fac2b3a |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 8342f53fb4b7a75a580fc9e2ec04c149acf2e6bfe88413e926f34ac964c68a62 |
| View Tag | c6 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 2 |
| Proof Size | 6,080 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | 831acbf6bb0ff36a0bde4497645ccb425be982931921e375d84a89fa84ac5a4a |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | c114aa76c5166838c9930bfe807cf0fff4491c5854da0cdcdcd41429ecc52bd6 |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | 9f3e6c4c2fb85508799b69be3a4456b2386acea1d3587b36347d97968b8f8216 |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | bebf4bfad1794ad279350a8631ed1c843a1e85566361648f1a3b67a9a26c1205 |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Input 1 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | 7be75a91cb0d4069c3905511deef87a5e97752480f5084a6014a8f0cfff68e20 |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | 1cb688755785bb83321992b70fc6b8a2ea295534bc86dc6432822423271dc95c |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | d5b6032e219ac3fea80487876752601f15c11bad495701c344414f58b605c086 |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)