Transaction Details
| TX Hash | 83012a1a9dc3068eddd83da50c59571bdc14b4756f1b0b5010ce4057bdd34683 |
| Block | 116,269 |
| Timestamp | Wed, 06 May 2026 21:10:22 GMT (3d ago) |
| Confirmations | 2,471 |
| Fee | 0.01908476 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | TRANSFER |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 1 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 8339bdceb6018f7f1810ac09f96e433909b555fcad7245f52ae12981d807adf7 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 945fc5256a6916548db39c44db4ee65d482e73b8cec519f63df8d88278e95230 |
| View Tag | c1 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | e1d8d9d59cfac23a30789dcefcf09ac5e63803c5474247eb171f1796bb3607a9 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 0d685bdcdb7c1ca1d669a9b47906dd5cee4b674524c12824f9be66bf1a92b7b2 |
| View Tag | 75 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 1 |
| Proof Size | 4,544 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | 11aa8b0a6d3f4e707be0204b9d2701e96f175a5e09da0b8018da46b26ee9d3e6 |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | 51bc83c2d36def5e4e44fccf7fe3896c8ff8f8966f24257d2f1937232630e66f |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | d9546930027bb8be41e81fc0a2218ee973d4ea6d474b3111a826b50b9048654d |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | 00ac42d332ff4ef9845ae1d2f89173374452af9ae6e28f654c4cb4d2e89e936c |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)