Transaction Details
| TX Hash | 82829d17ba121f38e664e6c624f4dd930d19144cdd08243ffa85675e0b86892a |
| Block | 108,646 |
| Timestamp | Fri, 01 May 2026 08:31:45 GMT (3d ago) |
| Confirmations | 5,095 |
| Fee | 0.01908476 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | TRANSFER |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 1 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 47b8d424e6b48e700833dfdd741878bbd0b3148c54175c7e020e9cb907448428 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | c52ff08b543d3e3a2e0bb630ed47831f5cee1568d62fee6733d26b35d6307113 |
| View Tag | 22 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 09d9d5c1e14e457710b17135d724d23d1ae73c5fc6861bc94869c64b79b2b5a3 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | a6eadeaebeb641fc12ae7f08d57b287f0351bb4719e02afbd7e4196911e6e056 |
| View Tag | b9 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 1 |
| Proof Size | 4,544 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | 9a9caf269d78791a37df45aae9d783231c6bb7a6acdb0dbd26067845bafa0280 |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | 214e7ede54be94b60d6cd8267bd4bac75bafb4e6471b6e95dceca4e1c6a2c2bf |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | c6b04cea61ce032cbb575b07d3cc440919abe43bb2dce8b5b7e880f29d08b7a5 |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | 3b53ce35f072b1b30b4a7b0ac1e51649e06da908605e5abea56cd8d5a104a672 |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)