Transaction Details
| TX Hash | 7d402f50cf0f9c58180c64d05f68991e82f2f258e6626c892b65f1c485f0792f |
| Block | 108,645 |
| Timestamp | Fri, 01 May 2026 08:23:03 GMT (3d ago) |
| Confirmations | 5,167 |
| Fee | 0.01908476 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | TRANSFER |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 1 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 28db4fd5799d4fb093a815e40f2a41b916a69f5ad131556b5903d7708a468b6d |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 6e17d7aec7c4687700dfe2b77b16108b96998c32faf25725f0a8fe8213b34191 |
| View Tag | 97 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | f18ffe8667437e6ea087fd6718b93d2edc089edb46748498abc568243e700f5f |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 78476c9a1e951845aec8105940f7fe9362b15ebbea2a27662e0c882d4685bf43 |
| View Tag | f7 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 1 |
| Proof Size | 4,544 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | b4e8741d8aa21b53d6a943de0ee9d85e4b07daed2e8dd08213de3680a204669b |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | 7b02383599b0c76e0d98027e7338e64d261f60f2eda6a587205c6fea6efc0236 |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | 6a48172cefac7b11c468d89c5bee0928ba4c64e549113276d5e9aa64f1832890 |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | c95e6b09beec0a47ed0edc4df05d11219712c0e13719c6aea1eb32fec30b2e59 |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)