Transaction Details
| TX Hash | 7978f60443a06d7dc81d54673167f0f3ccad5984a601e3f55fe0f9888fc9ce0a |
| Block | 116,312 |
| Timestamp | Wed, 06 May 2026 23:40:12 GMT (3d ago) |
| Confirmations | 2,755 |
| Fee | 0.01908476 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | TRANSFER |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 1 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | af333194cca2bc3d70acd679742a0501f5d879616847b834387ab718665d8086 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 5aad8dfa3b6e8986024bcfe9224deba26d848986fc7ce05f3d06877ea908c730 |
| View Tag | 1c |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 6f81607f6f62a4a03f274c5da6d92a39d3a1247061421052d61c3a40e7dcb335 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 786f6088299136a2e3784e0282fddb3c5920a1a7031cf7c6f925fcfa0e79a504 |
| View Tag | ea |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 1 |
| Proof Size | 4,544 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | 9dc3840f98d8e4b34d3802f3e19309d6252486ad61738ebe341a18e4605d9ca3 |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | 4976a84a5b9238285cc1b0080276f8ab6edc62fea5c2a5411cd8214a5e8b9b83 |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | 3704915e12e9963710ec1c5890c9301887c6ba7b91e53d64af6bbefb1b08eaf4 |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | 2ff74727a3d62019d718608e91785fe6c83f34f9114fb75829f12161ccbf9dc4 |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)