Transaction Details
| TX Hash | 78c3e61f88ae88e19a055992dc4c9b26e8361ffc82973bd76dce02dd4a9af39f |
| Block | 106,875 |
| Timestamp | Thu, 30 Apr 2026 02:51:45 GMT (4d ago) |
| Confirmations | 6,727 |
| Fee | 0.0246826 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | TRANSFER |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 2 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 26d6a09fd39aff645aaf70fde2176f9f5a2aef44907b0919c9ee6046dc7ea280 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | a834c47106a2b9e71d2d5d4265c86377edac34f69aa63d26bcd14dfea72c3874 |
| View Tag | 38 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 2170eff87e5812c535a3dba6dc6f1c6140b85278e5f7c31654aec7f677a8a77d |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 1cdff2356c094cecad1cfdbec1e8f30430fbfec088cfc155da618523901f45c9 |
| View Tag | ed |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 2 |
| Proof Size | 6,080 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | 5ccede2f43394a3765308d483f37e05cd92ca8651cfb44a14b678e05065c3b87 |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | e513538a61b8050f1f2bfeb4a473fa7142c95b55ae8b6d2d2d27ec9226ff871f |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | f8ec5925f2ff7400e0c5683c4bf47202da3e37bc4204a18c497a3abb31843e2f |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | 5c1454bda62114e91616b1a86f48f98d958edc6bc7714ca63115351543193930 |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Input 1 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | ab12ab0402a059ea1aac84a24b9aa7fa20fa4f46492e321a020f42b1ed3223b0 |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | c548cb4f08fa23b4e185a84a911e6595a91995559ece5878945e7e864e23bbd3 |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | 11f255ef4fc4d71713514f44c6c19bf5db2e5f91bb5fed1d531b914d15dd1645 |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)