Transaction Details
| TX Hash | 78ad24057d35d9175029802338e70b87ccc930a7cc187f20517970e4a4ce4097 |
| Block | 113,927 |
| Timestamp | Tue, 05 May 2026 00:58:52 GMT (6h ago) |
| Confirmations | 393 |
| Fee | 0.01908476 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | Bridge Unwrap |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 1 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 9e10384d6c2e910308bdf878e719ffcca289c3466a2618238cfb2ce63d6e127d |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | afae17bbc3cbc38d758b1315b8ff4f638a24af8298b6b5f03caaa0f26e0ec164 |
| View Tag | b3 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 3cb7c3e0fcdd4a9e7243460619462b70bfaecd249544b0d88563b5d16b644acf |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | cb234b12d775425878e20c0ba7999b64a2b667ff64021b441718fbe18096cd28 |
| View Tag | b8 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 1 |
| Proof Size | 4,544 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | dea9751ec50e15d9edb74a0c5a456c35a2157fad2a7d3d9d14114a86b48c34c9 |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | ff3136f2d9c70f9ce7021c8249152d12e388d64d2b670a48f80d7806ebb778a0 |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | abe8f09d9d7f6e33b32d12141927d47a2eba9cf5115719fa815fc85081aadc1a |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | 11d24b7b15d92ca5af9a0f7464596ca28381e436622a38eeb3baf26f5f8b4b65 |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)