Transaction Details
| TX Hash | 72dfc6db3e04a7fe5450c6f5010a57b8040755fe2ad42d9e0e1cc8cf7d43fd4d |
| Block | 113,647 |
| Timestamp | Mon, 04 May 2026 20:07:32 GMT (15h ago) |
| Confirmations | 946 |
| Fee | 0.0246826 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | Bridge Unwrap |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 2 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | dd14b184c5d37ea7097654f22c227961620089ec9a32696ff75c8d3c2cd706b3 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 8d29a2928180735d8a127da797368d2421b19d8158caf114f0b24269831be082 |
| View Tag | ba |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 135fb99a4868cddaa4ca46b9be9a74ffb293efd3f592c5ec971677f6794234a5 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 125ba8ab50741cb2042667838fbbaf79ea0d769857fee9f3becd2dccbee302b5 |
| View Tag | af |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 2 |
| Proof Size | 6,080 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | 8caf7818390d1860fa4c023909b1b37bd94f8622f3b661d618df1c6b82e2a544 |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | c6f98fa27e0f4f369d390dc1afe730cec71d5e6068979c13d21473b6d002709c |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | fd3c1a15883ad2bf0c18f54bb20b14d7c9877991456cdcb53e7f8c9c552cb132 |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | 4f352997a7b5e78fb246f77ade86b2f6c3ab1a701045ed553e2f71cd6774d122 |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Input 1 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | abc69129d2e4fc5b14b11da02d79c588f14e6897a9aa8e0d76960d6fe654eabd |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | beed8a4b3ddd438fb0f4a557ba1be55c613fa74af107d41d744b59780f5f589f |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | 13a87a30f6e15d38604290849224d14d1e396e56b8731f10028db7886c9a0dd8 |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)