Transaction Details
| TX Hash | 662a5b4c7ddd760033d184a6bf2774c6dd478f84155e5748eca7786828b8b70a |
| Block | 116,290 |
| Timestamp | Wed, 06 May 2026 22:20:34 GMT (3d ago) |
| Confirmations | 2,498 |
| Fee | 0.01908476 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | TRANSFER |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 1 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 452c81b67e9c07ce5e01fea90d180620107013f451be9c5ab9ba04ec44e2b080 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 88f195d882424626ac2491e7325dad12cbfec1032ad08f023e5a8c8f0ab9edb9 |
| View Tag | 36 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | fa14e164819915765094d1217344e70d9bd89440f86792ec7bd3d97591318a28 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 60b04b3c8bd108877bac34e2fcd4505cb124da07232f8f0de9942477a6e06212 |
| View Tag | 12 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 1 |
| Proof Size | 4,544 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | 32a038cca58a81c895992d71824818946ec7d48a54502fff6476e8d98fdfc8ab |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | 2d0fe9634ed3d6dc3c1a21227e18d5a1481aaba5c9c997a900a81de4b4810875 |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | 848b49bc8b610dd35e7002da92a154ba5cf69f29318ee878140ba2ea2543c59d |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | 6e8dbde325e136a76aca0cec273a708700d1550df7442062025e6b6e083d1349 |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)