Transaction Details
| TX Hash | 635eca7466e76e2c19c0d10877fe51e01a428e1a0e92aa175cd839294686452f |
| Block | 108,644 |
| Timestamp | Fri, 01 May 2026 08:22:08 GMT (3d ago) |
| Confirmations | 4,971 |
| Fee | 0.0246826 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | TRANSFER |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 2 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 406ac73ee1eb88560eaadfe502f59b4f984442a3664cec6231a278d5ca80d8f1 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 8177901defbd72f0937bcb15b9c30b063b9d3348c049845d4466ac55a3e5afca |
| View Tag | 9e |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 7893aec757524730a28aa335ed423b1803ec8cfd2eaf2720b082ab468e8892f8 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | dc72ca707c9313829de2edaff690198e036f24b890aec84037eddb07b0021788 |
| View Tag | 2f |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 2 |
| Proof Size | 6,080 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | 9d881580774e4b34594e60276f2e484b2118873ce38b5e2d53cdd485eb9c4e1a |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | 541639b991ebadce1e6d3524700594915aaea4a51875167e9b1751dc346687d5 |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | 997bcfb9663a49ea2833c34bdc9f51eac397ca009d171ded0f853fca4430c5fa |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | 1ba89511a1e866514aa05cc1181411de1b00b15f20573e9a47b001fcf3c7c3fd |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Input 1 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | 0c1d5a5d3b6aff4c62221358ea09802c518e28f5e63af6993600d8906b2a0681 |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | de1878ea4a2913f628e543076a5fe24fabc6f1be5024c1f7ea398a34a3d3f3c4 |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | 2e590da30944889abd83bf5ef18b659bc1d7f3598421b56b4bb32bab612ddac7 |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)