Transaction Details
| TX Hash | 5f78b27812924796e85c12d8accabc42ecccd5d6c86c92b60287d9722deea759 |
| Block | 106,881 |
| Timestamp | Thu, 30 Apr 2026 03:05:50 GMT (5d ago) |
| Confirmations | 7,192 |
| Fee | 0.01908476 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | TRANSFER |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 1 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 15c841b3ea1b5b6a156ab17179f6a3bd8bc6b8cfa6a2c859ff33cfecc4ce46cc |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | cadaacdd71030c2a514c101289af91936909d4bceccb38ca6af1bd53eb4f639b |
| View Tag | 7d |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | cb49687c34877e6c7db0267089e942d71ba8459069352be4177b8e548366e9a4 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | cb8ce34862413542a06cdbefe33366d6c219e8333ffaf5582a006c27d75c18c0 |
| View Tag | 32 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 1 |
| Proof Size | 4,544 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | 0582739a64aa5406744ca4d51478da7aa69e66f96588f5fa9620577f9abca9d5 |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | 736b411fef55a736184c214fad831bdadfd80f612468021be4a47ae7b4fcb33a |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | 34f8ad7a590c3c69da9eda45b25073f3afa13fc5ec342abd2307149f1d79dc93 |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | 77c000e285be291bfc08ac3c7e9caad14efedf63992857cf8f90cbd5bced7f7a |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)