Transaction Details
| TX Hash | 5c52ec7e5d92f8ca73defa422f743100d9c0f2baeee96aceea2e3f0fb56b9d21 |
| Block | 116,276 |
| Timestamp | Wed, 06 May 2026 21:41:23 GMT (3d ago) |
| Confirmations | 2,462 |
| Fee | 0.01908476 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | TRANSFER |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 1 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | cf51e389cbe144f472c101f9fc16f2778c0b97400a2dfe3b16a9ff8bb191bda4 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 30ff971365ef9c60ce40be6ac014bdae138e3bce4f86b5103d721df7bb24cdc0 |
| View Tag | 88 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 17407f83a43ae0a4aaf30f386023e702b63031d70171b531ecb67ccde5c15941 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 6cb20156bb22523860f6380bab94f5655fd74cef31bdbbadfed633abfc1735b5 |
| View Tag | 54 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 1 |
| Proof Size | 4,544 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | dfb91f89aff7f434d96c23af24e3d9f3602d3d04ce623ca56733deed796bdae2 |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | 214993b8a60eb14672553fc0549087b17556d1f13a09afa9993d2557fb1e1a78 |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | 5bdb2ebd863e4869aa87aa990aa6070f63697fa7a2ce98ceb8e9d05ec5687485 |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | 04ef73152e53ce0cd89d99adc4acd250fd3b650e55f0a60b0a77b7ece1312acb |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)