Transaction Details
| TX Hash | 4f621ba8a7c5e2da8f84a0bd403deddf02fe28eaf9a14cf9bcefac8f94eadae7 |
| Block | 115,649 |
| Timestamp | Wed, 06 May 2026 05:55:25 GMT (2d ago) |
| Confirmations | 2,149 |
| Fee | 0.01908476 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | TRANSFER |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 1 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 8714820be9689d4a7b1a0cfedc9007c2862e8d9f889c334ff46f15f4ec7dcd77 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 3abe0b0fddb3b7cbb41e13ccfb52d700afb5da8beacad853ea125b4739eeddcb |
| View Tag | c7 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | a4ac14c14bfa3451b195c483963be0eb4c4c16f2b1466afcb0f7eaed010ba20f |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 9c217def300e32e8c1d6d3dddf6a9adb11bb570e170ce2238d86bb00d2edf562 |
| View Tag | 54 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 1 |
| Proof Size | 4,544 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | c216f65f5575ac26f194e888d411da441ed45ac791e77054a00e3b09313aad1e |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | 85d55748e6537c5ff5426cd480268fe75e204ce12e4f2790494df1f6708ed897 |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | a3d2108fc1c7cba83f7fec224dc61ef20df6d9f1a1e37dc140ab19b9e3b3891e |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | e8c1f164a4bd653a5b7626833f771c547459d48c83876088f8bb543f9dc87a1b |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)