Transaction Details
| TX Hash | 4da34ecb1257accedf953d5cf91ec7a976fcd53388de315a7921d23fba616af0 |
| Block | 115,634 |
| Timestamp | Wed, 06 May 2026 05:28:51 GMT (2d ago) |
| Confirmations | 1,857 |
| Fee | 0.01908476 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | TRANSFER |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 1 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 5167572a8a8a06e6ddf67c1a728b0f810426c7a9913504ef12762dc365d60a6b |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 7e05838dbe0ffb690d391675d086b0659325cf18e0f0855f13653a3f78317442 |
| View Tag | 9e |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 9d0069de504a2aa738c6c4db7ca9515249204400157918425bf6a680f12d3096 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 8b39ee9679bb89f6c2a452245b5c2e75dbad3e54843a5c7c4d2bbfb3897bd4cf |
| View Tag | e1 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 1 |
| Proof Size | 4,544 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | 225186e7c7e29e7652a1659c0a313270e7e141db25dbf693ca476fbf575b69b5 |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | ddab521fb2ac12daac3b678d8aa78ccdea92e964e2039ebc1fcf30ed098733b1 |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | 7c7427c0efb0fad29cacd47b3a957743827d5366b16248ef25247960affd8216 |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | 3ec5a04f14d9e5e0243d514a6fde1650212402b7520b1d6170cc9ad5d6b15690 |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)