Transaction Details
| TX Hash | 4d5c68482abbcab5ba3e8a7f88328d439c385fd01ab82ab0dce6b7a62a103fe0 |
| Block | 116,271 |
| Timestamp | Wed, 06 May 2026 21:23:35 GMT (3d ago) |
| Confirmations | 2,467 |
| Fee | 0.01908476 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | TRANSFER |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 1 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 6a411eb3c3a617fcbc5d39134a36e67dc90f7b642b97f3c7ea3bf925ae5ea60c |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | e348405e66c6f6057ef934724a60d21efb049de5d6a6bc916ed9620b320a40bc |
| View Tag | 37 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 6077d9fc1a174409b445ad1080dee7e5467a850e2652e4d8ad17a764162373bd |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 1f95809e4327f92015d56be119e471d7cd1d77de4bf93887a143ee31065be81e |
| View Tag | 4c |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 1 |
| Proof Size | 4,544 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | 6878d5869050c9c377d08eaefe9cb3ffe6ef3018e764fea145adbf6101ec133a |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | 44f8036fafc25ee0f5b3c9852ef8e5956c6b23245554f1a84d30534c75893b53 |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | 7ae7f1070d490b127d57daad424bc192b8d6196dca04413a216376adca7e392a |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | 2c51fda62068d2a9492041181cf202701d04d0001e070d607388c7744fd20014 |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)