Transaction Details
| TX Hash | 4c527364bf1245385ded0d03bc490b26f59773d1ae444fa4f785e440b7622343 |
| Block | 116,310 |
| Timestamp | Wed, 06 May 2026 23:34:08 GMT (3d ago) |
| Confirmations | 2,895 |
| Fee | 0.01908476 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | TRANSFER |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 1 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | e2be894be7578a3154e1c9fa22ccc57c781a658dd322a1b9ed6cbed76023eeef |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | d8f9436a20c08ace8609648bc6ff63d75b29756a25ebde0f50bba33ecd18eb08 |
| View Tag | 1c |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 50c858aaae7703bc2cd754be7f199e39a8ee77f03d89c33e26fa54946353a7b5 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 58a6dce086b8d6ce75e96debd03ef87d0622dba47b71832b654cfbc6e79e9d2f |
| View Tag | da |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 1 |
| Proof Size | 4,544 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | 6f9c6cb12443db0906d6aa380dc503d101d919c946817691695b185d8809b556 |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | 7926b2f294b5d3e309053cf3cdb830e8b139e9b73481e95fe7aeced1cf51527b |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | e0f96b5a5a587137b5f7f799698055d8b06ce6886f2594cf30c4e7f13a2d8675 |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | 4bda4e4eeeee6b691f4f80f0a2f5f30d0643eba227b81bd5d6f985550ab45e38 |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)