Transaction Details
| TX Hash | 4a9af3e9bd4853bc68e2544656e76fa5ae03dcd5174c08edf98b028313b2e984 |
| Block | 113,852 |
| Timestamp | Mon, 04 May 2026 23:32:03 GMT (5h ago) |
| Confirmations | 347 |
| Fee | 0.0246826 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | Bridge Unwrap |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 2 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | a6d03c21ba4e779985988852aef7240bb07581352b7c42b4c0c9ff18ce4841a2 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 32a50b73adf158ac0dfd805437464a3db832015bc17e7e274b39b45f39caaffb |
| View Tag | 24 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | c0672ada4d688d663d29f9b094d6cea04a585a78e1d8074adf28cc0182802c1e |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 598a6a547a51b79a00ba2a7121f7fe7f98ca1021b472acd31ef0016482758b1c |
| View Tag | d2 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 2 |
| Proof Size | 6,080 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | 5554f724a66aab85cdd4165a354f2697aef79a89794688bea1467f5f1f5a6eb4 |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | d8bdff947656152c06a8e3cd72e7e41950a67c79aed688f574f065e1876fb6f7 |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | 7198973df604153b05690b217ad545851a475e178ec569a12eefb56a9a57e3c4 |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | a7e6425061abad4ccb126ab9f9c342392bc909fbf0636253eebc7d0019c6d0cc |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Input 1 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | 515186dfb3379d68b2ce538b366890c54182b58054a7ea59ab049f10e242f723 |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | 988763ac7db3c86469d8e5f390eddbdc580a7c68eb4277357b85f96a39fabe10 |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | 4497923f45bf829c3182545d4dae304652038ced7b7b5b86bce3e1a893db8426 |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)