Transaction Details
| TX Hash | 3e1f7c97c5c8bb7313b81d84b6d90b1c4a0530395aafb3dac23430a7cf560c2a |
| Block | 116,205 |
| Timestamp | Wed, 06 May 2026 18:20:08 GMT (3d ago) |
| Confirmations | 2,766 |
| Fee | 0.01908476 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | TRANSFER |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 1 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | bb34ad7924d1d28927e64857baa2bdd32fd27d9cc2cf5442c249bb6b8ad01c38 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 5dd7b4d503b3de96a9f308fdf7e8e9bd9c557830508b0e9f3e7d52a1785c9134 |
| View Tag | fa |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | d6d222bc5de8a5b6a2b156b8a18a1dc09fefd7dd80b6ca4e37f937b5a582cbe6 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | d20e7cbc75649066b3a12287125641dd5b15218de85de3dad17c971556dca963 |
| View Tag | d2 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 1 |
| Proof Size | 4,544 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | b3803b552cad81888adccdf7d548d5cd727993e609742db2365c0b1e3f2e23f7 |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | 009f40467d1dec7de75d0ba5edd4138c65934dd3c5efec109589e291055a1ed7 |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | ef7f061aeefd60133ceae14c71449bb3f73df9f90bde22c68fd7732a50fab0d6 |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | c50a92e0b989507c076ed448349073ac8f51724c63f6268d01b9c07ffd1e1d88 |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)