Transaction Details
| TX Hash | 3ccb433fadaa8021f733db8616ac52e4f9722d8aba8389c674b17f429dcb311e |
| Block | 108,646 |
| Timestamp | Fri, 01 May 2026 08:31:45 GMT (3d ago) |
| Confirmations | 5,092 |
| Fee | 0.0246826 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | TRANSFER |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 2 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 2d40f9f9e034519a517db182f3a6b9769c32dacca7d0dfe8daba207ecefbd799 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | be0b0210f741f3e28d9111318249e18d972daf99425ff359078e9cc76de23e1f |
| View Tag | 4c |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | fc4e6895bfabd9090051c7f848f131a2d75c12cf28d6dc26cb0ab940ab26cb6c |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 5d73194f1bc9543c6c4490b267e81c5f66ed16277549d4efac3635a9d97390e6 |
| View Tag | 6d |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 2 |
| Proof Size | 6,080 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | 9a9caf269d78791a37df45aae9d783231c6bb7a6acdb0dbd26067845bafa0280 |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | 544de94b6a8ab6628f3c976a3930e5adb430b648e37aa7e9a490770f4df7a520 |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | 79097bef3ae20677c7129949fe7668e1d6ce2451b6eaa733f018d3d3452d7385 |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | 32b6a784f75f5ee35c31fc80c4e968875211fac29dc981e5dfea123bec444eb3 |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Input 1 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | 075fca7218c0e583b998658e51391efffbbc3b8b8d6c33e673d801c73175429d |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | c80a968d86679edf6d35a5458b83edf16730b0fa3b29df22c8af8235dc02ea7d |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | 58a123632c6586c6db8fc4adbf5861177f17618565bee530d2fff7963b421d76 |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)