Transaction Details
| TX Hash | 31d105e79da781065f2126c08a32fbf122b2e3586d6a8ae5c6c84f0ad0f2677a |
| Block | 115,627 |
| Timestamp | Wed, 06 May 2026 05:16:27 GMT (2d ago) |
| Confirmations | 1,867 |
| Fee | 0.01908476 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | TRANSFER |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 1 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 354f4103f6d5c1b56d2494e9ebe7397c722691c4e274f524c84512ac6ba49e1c |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | c8246a26254084fd6e084a2d1cb1f72d7439b875cfbe44151db4ffb320d1704a |
| View Tag | 9a |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 257af074d9bb8164a845fd26abdc745f3a840c6f16c90ce9e19dd241944882ad |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 1a3017d4f225b1c5221563b1006cfc8bb0742435f9a471f20710a08fe56d48a9 |
| View Tag | 8a |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 1 |
| Proof Size | 4,544 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | 3f6ce78de4cc68394b728b732cda89cf16ba57ba616027bc334363107e753a1c |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | 8468e5b35940ce1c9adcda6c570b8fec48e0d355939ce7572805e8634463f1ac |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | 22ac7c32e203cf73d3b7bbbcd8ee3db7322ca124ffdbb29f8aba2a8f40630805 |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | e6b6f9e13f362159d6267bcd9e4f770ce0207f308143891f1854bcc23ee097be |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)