Transaction Details
| TX Hash | 3179b0bb31c8acd60a080d0d2232ce3e6ff66ca163e5cd2a2aa053938831cd06 |
| Block | 115,653 |
| Timestamp | Wed, 06 May 2026 06:03:51 GMT (2d ago) |
| Confirmations | 1,961 |
| Fee | 0.01908476 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | TRANSFER |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 1 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 9fe57b9424f5d42197412ca60f626b422dd89ec25b527bb414a02c5c2f5bbd36 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 93a16ed860d16b8d4c246842c680ca14381da510e872faf7211b2b504cbb4d26 |
| View Tag | 75 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | d2e66eaf08e7bbff2e1c29e666525493d79e6dc6f16c6b7f35294d89c8131c60 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 4cf9c57ad2bdd1656d68e4b171fe355d5e528c8f3be77c536571f9704112d86e |
| View Tag | a9 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 1 |
| Proof Size | 4,544 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | ff2f0e6c74bcc3475e013c9677c06ff289e5a7aa16878b27bf17a4c8324b7565 |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | c7c56d3d634ed8a6b19948699d97c89ad849e008f77421cb8ada30d5588536c4 |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | d8834f8c5534b74e77aa6c81af15d5a5b90cc28ccaa2a4d537e7ff57f89563ee |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | dacbf77fd2847755cab33ec34217f45b441479aa9b5700c72e70f14b9dbf6fc5 |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)