Transaction Details
| TX Hash | 2ca974423457c9d5b3e1c73e74a9a20848f672b5d57cd63a20a16af22dd22fe4 |
| Block | 116,229 |
| Timestamp | Wed, 06 May 2026 19:19:39 GMT (3d ago) |
| Confirmations | 2,383 |
| Fee | 0.01908476 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | TRANSFER |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 1 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 801d958df8ab56a56d3eaad2cf82a5a7e8d173ae25b1dd4ce9490eb687b28d32 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | a026574da707eb0e8ed5de6deac7e0833f567b50eb9d8fc3cbbc38c785ec316b |
| View Tag | fd |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | fe1b6cc78e436f917bad7ba273a8c70fa712731cad6ed5e800b5b97c3723f5d8 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | efb81f6482304b67cbb191652d753baf7b6de6f13ba7dfe8561c2d35ad16128b |
| View Tag | d9 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 1 |
| Proof Size | 4,544 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | 831acbf6bb0ff36a0bde4497645ccb425be982931921e375d84a89fa84ac5a4a |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | 9b3773cf277a08de235311b411ff55f09ba0a5264cfe8219238db818d4929cff |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | 8f5fa39f6812c6497ed7a21ab9023c33a033e7a44dbc2b0a8e801760890b5ee1 |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | aec191e8fbeceacb3aa07f659afa9e2c223f4c9edbf84526a493a2cf92d1178c |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)