Transaction Details
| TX Hash | 25f037c600780050a347e3f649b1f1d88fc01e03a906c67d4605a26976bf0d94 |
| Block | 106,878 |
| Timestamp | Thu, 30 Apr 2026 02:59:29 GMT (4d ago) |
| Confirmations | 7,021 |
| Fee | 0.01908476 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | TRANSFER |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 1 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | f9352388bfe215521015dada9677e414730bb4ed7b946f805cac3ad2cace7c93 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 518c2db7d32c1bd77286c9787a135837e8dd1cb6399ac01dd7b1c8abc472acba |
| View Tag | 75 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 619ac705cf0a98753521b02afac4844d0dce85520a94c5fc0195fb9b0771921e |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | afb2a4e7dee2fe3766946a3850a0107648e2e891929087097e1d5e89dfb4c13b |
| View Tag | e8 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 1 |
| Proof Size | 4,544 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | 914dd87ee8af9289ca819a4c0cf00a4e2227274094ee57920250f5aa225dcad0 |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | 91bdf2859c81f892da53fc484f49fea428b978cf4e50c594148e884cee25b9e4 |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | 01a16edd45060964ba8906bfff2a5c5d4b0d72c47dd95582f8a6d9efb3909816 |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | 66d45c52d0b96e6f420cb01cd76cdacb7860fe54b5b22da7c5b0a2b3a6f3bdd8 |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)