Transaction Details
| TX Hash | 2044b57d707f9422c97ac776723b7980bd3260a34f8d29bdc100583d175a0205 |
| Block | 106,875 |
| Timestamp | Thu, 30 Apr 2026 02:51:45 GMT (4d ago) |
| Confirmations | 6,731 |
| Fee | 0.0246826 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | TRANSFER |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 2 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | c46f5550344c0bc4d8ca0bc3453f7eae65af880e5ea1785d9f99a92343b47cf9 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | e7be83fb469a4ea84c67da84419482618d4d9a45fb85499aa8597e5a154b3731 |
| View Tag | 11 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 59404477d28f6b15e862784bf9a71e90b59ea9871ce5b061ab4d634b0f4bc77c |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | a3636476d27b25e31bf9c85c347ff244598040e35748849d7ccc6698ca02cb2e |
| View Tag | 09 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 2 |
| Proof Size | 6,080 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | 5ccede2f43394a3765308d483f37e05cd92ca8651cfb44a14b678e05065c3b87 |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | c54cd84b461e32b2275275514cd1cffdceeeece21fcf8122093d81f061a7c4d4 |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | 8cf3eb7bdefaa2364c44702e418fb2670452fefbe8366ac0059a68695418dd76 |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | f8ef4538ad61b987b88f8aadb968f7d72523936039322d5359d02c58b025a128 |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Input 1 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | 2d6932b0a6c00b58e9329f2d6f35d92a07c56845fbd5308e9648eda2aaa59ccc |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | 30f7731c9ea97e797d1b84067a168dc3cd222315a998169a9d053fcfb1f58d8b |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | 5c3ae27d2ed17f376d366080fb1b5e4e1825c537fb668cfca3587b0f9f3dbc6e |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)