Transaction Details
| TX Hash | 1e51e888ff336be84261806d6473a3e3c6e6199683d8fdd63bb5e30cdbdffd4d |
| Block | 108,647 |
| Timestamp | Fri, 01 May 2026 08:32:49 GMT (3d ago) |
| Confirmations | 5,162 |
| Fee | 0.01908476 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | TRANSFER |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 1 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | e5f45b1e6e1cb8d1cea68218bbc15ad519b79654a62ced45ce56cf32a24fa34c |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | d7be86328b7bb1af659538ab9aaba518eede999e5532e939acbd2b4a7df96e4b |
| View Tag | 93 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | ae3b3b9c6d62e0b33757359cd1401dc9f7e6b3a4a1b4c1b88ddf677f912b553d |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 0f3a51706881a474c22b203c0d236aa9103abe83b2805c68653ffe672ad5566f |
| View Tag | f1 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 1 |
| Proof Size | 4,544 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | 551e6c41436d1e7fd0d71c240e2e84b4512c3fe4bf60d276241575e61fb66980 |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | ca2c9b3e67a16c323e82fa9980c522595a50da9071415e42c9ca45dc14f13f41 |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | 3307bd217be01331250d070c4a092279e3fda72d59b25a96d53be44a47f382ba |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | f7fed8a5c97e874572480f7f5faeec54cacdb3d3eaf73109a64d17b55fa1c455 |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)