Transaction Details
| TX Hash | 1d8bd69a6a8d4c82f01fae70ad08199bf31a9bef8b356fb65914ac43b50bb389 |
| Block | 116,274 |
| Timestamp | Wed, 06 May 2026 21:36:09 GMT (3d ago) |
| Confirmations | 2,465 |
| Fee | 0.01908476 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | TRANSFER |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 1 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | de759a6547b2415164f6f2d1f82679344bdeb3bb0f770b5ce93a146f713ccec0 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | a3eedf3b698fd3b3261ea5d9dde47f602e997da90157595da45299cd43b07746 |
| View Tag | 0a |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 91f3bf4bc33d1ff07ecc681467de6aa9084017e75bb76e1b07f2739f4f8af1d1 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | b44f293df4f20cee1592a5e2fb076328807ae4b935ce34ce859f8252b0f95e2f |
| View Tag | d8 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 1 |
| Proof Size | 4,544 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | f0aa6d0932221d25e16d8c19a7fd06224fcbf0cab08368929a6d4b5a540dce07 |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | e75f3dc2db58034f46008993505a12bda7d81ec5a050f7226ccd79709108765b |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | ed8e449cfc20eeb3b561ad8f86949375764b121dfc5dec7c1cec9f41c69fff11 |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | dd32e942655024ca81998714ea4d0c0102c9086f10f0829cd7d6928f4d1cea94 |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)