Transaction Details
| TX Hash | 1a44db3ea07e7e297bcd15b6c46a029e8ef88c6bd92c1ccc7bb7c06aa2cacab4 |
| Block | 115,652 |
| Timestamp | Wed, 06 May 2026 06:01:37 GMT (2d ago) |
| Confirmations | 2,026 |
| Fee | 0.01908476 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | TRANSFER |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 1 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | faf73e181233c7f4a8330c1d4e6f5ad43b25f80cb0c1f8f11fb4cb18ebcdac51 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | e558398097083e800d017df7c4c008087ed7f42613db05e7b5f58bcd666b064f |
| View Tag | 47 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 98c2d52120fecee8306377ea21b74531fa0d20921e87d33410affc67aac64935 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | a8c10667413e7d6634c1160d4649e81a44de8e04b344ba730bbb04e63f2cfe2f |
| View Tag | c8 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 1 |
| Proof Size | 4,544 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | 72f4bd4fc795d7e663e03c8265f309c70d18b102615259dd8958e4719744fdb8 |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | fd9e57be9dbd154336dd3d64e5d091a705e1b5735f9e0d0a1e85c742d93722f0 |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | 45637c83e277f2ed344ed4786c9298dcb154a0d025b78071dc85ee9ae6bfcd19 |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | f2c1e3491515bea88bbcb55a8a80070fbed53153d06036470c0c15c448cf0990 |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)