Transaction Details
| TX Hash | 041db5e98c681c7b6fbc128acb3b3e6f7d46cf96308fc27c1fd99669b9596dc1 |
| Block | 116,267 |
| Timestamp | Wed, 06 May 2026 21:03:09 GMT (3d ago) |
| Confirmations | 2,406 |
| Fee | 0.01908476 USDm |
| Size | N/A |
| Weight | N/A |
| Version | 9 |
Transaction Type
| Type | TRANSFER |
Inputs & Outputs
| Inputs | 1 |
| Outputs | 2 |
| Privacy Proof | FCMP++ (type 11 — Full-Chain Membership Proof over entire UTXO set; decoy rings are not used) |
Outputs
| Output #0 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | 8d60d6272e70cb3e5eb4953e7c2d9ae2d08b014b01b9a487ffa9625705294ea3 |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 0c1057291be6e3505390b3efd33cc57a17a36b97d3015f914885d8155a5f71c0 |
| View Tag | c6 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
| Output #1 | |
| One-Time Key (O) | f5d8ae5a7f7791e2d2e8690c467496f8ff5d7ef09355b9624b81d9e5348b996a |
| Pedersen Commitment (C) | 8520d8178a5db6fb3715fae10f1beafb3d59a951af6f01ba3c34ac6a2a23d1fb |
| View Tag | 74 |
| Asset | ✓ USDm |
| Amount | Encrypted (Pedersen + Bulletproofs+) |
Note: Actual amounts and sender/recipient addresses are private (FCMP++). Only the transaction structure is visible on-chain.
FCMP++ Proof Transcript
| Proof Type | FCMP++ Full-Chain Membership Proof |
| Anonymity Set | Entire Chain (all outputs ever created) |
| Inputs | 1 |
| Proof Size | 4,544 bytes |
| Curve Tree | Helios (C2) dual-curve architecture |
| Tree Layers | 4 |
| Tree Root | c4cece653b475f191243d525057cb5338c8883053419877086531ba7ca610f6c |
Curve Tree Structure
Layer 0 (Leaves) : Ed25519 output tuples (O, I, C) → Selene (C1) hashes Layer 1 (Interior) : Selene (C1) → Helios (C2) commitments Layer 2 (Interior) : Helios (C2) → Selene (C1) commitments Layer 4 (Root) : Helios (C2) tree root
The full output set is committed into a Helios/Selene curve tree. Each leaf encodes an output tuple (O, I, C) as Selene curve points. Interior nodes alternate between Helios and Selene curves, enabling efficient recursive proof composition.
Input 0 — Membership Proof
| Key Image (Nullifier) | dd1c9c707f26bd97626c9d37bf74dc51d0616075338bcd07309c24a42d88c20e |
| C̃ (Pseudo-output) | b4e2cc4894f761114fc181a1593a7771e46f567d7d777ab66380c2faff9be8fe |
| Pseudo-out (Balance) | 83a73eeb29f182b153d74546f34f19468fcfe3924f4d50b8a9674b498900996e |
Nullifier: The key image
KI = x · Hp(O) is a deterministic, unlinkable nullifier. It prevents double-spending without revealing which output is being spent.
Spend-Auth & Linkability (SAL) Proof
ÕRerandomized one-time key
ĨRerandomized linking tag
RRerandomization scalar
C̃Rerandomized Pedersen commitment
The SAL proof demonstrates knowledge of the secret spend key, correct key image formation, and that the balance equation holds: Σ pseudo-outs = Σ output commitments + fee.
Verification Pipeline
1Deserialize FCMP++ proof from transaction
2Extract tree root (Helios (C2)), layers, key images
3Reconstruct signable hash from tx prefix
4Verify Generalized Bulletproofs+ arithmetic circuit
5Verify Helios/Selene curve tree membership (per input)
6Verify SAL proof (spend authorization + linkability)
7Check key image uniqueness (double-spend prevention)
✓Consensus acceptance
Privacy Guarantees
Anonymity SetEntire chain
Sender PrivacyHidden among all outputs
Amount PrivacyPedersen + Bulletproofs+
Receiver PrivacyStealth addresses
Double-SpendDeterministic nullifiers
Curve CycleHelios (C2) ↔ Selene (C1)